Our robust Paranthropus cousins thrived in Africa for a million and a half years, making stone tools and sharing the landscape with different Homo species at the dawn of human cultural innovation. The original complete skull (without mandible) of a 1.8 million years old Paranthropus robustus discovered in South Africa -- Ditsong National Museum of Natural History, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons By Deborah Barsky The first fossil hominins were discovered at the beginning