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When Reason Changes State
Crop from The sleep of reason produces monsters (No. 43), from Los Caprichos -- public domain image By Jorge Coulon In 1799, Francisco de Goya published Los Caprichos. Among his engravings was one destined to stand the test of time: a man sleeps, leaning over a table, whilst owls, bats and creatures of the night emerge from behind him. At the bottom, a phrase: ‘The sleep of reason produces monsters’. More than a century later, from a fascist prison, Antonio Gramsci wrote abou

The Left Chapter
2 hours ago5 min read


Michael Parenti on hegemony, monopoly capitalism and culture
Excerpts from an essay by the great Michael Parenti -- Monopoly and Culture -- in Political Affairs Magazine (a journal of the Communist...
Michael Laxer
Dec 28, 202311 min read


Gramsci b. January 22, 1891
A mural of Gramsci by Italian artist Jorit on a council housing block in Florence, 2020 "The revolution is not a dramatic act, it is a...
Michael Laxer
Jan 22, 20221 min read
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