From the Civil War and World War I to the ongoing conflict in Iran, America’s and other nations’ expectations of war have repeatedly been challenged by the realities that emerge once fighting begins. U.S. Marines in their gas masks during a gas mask drill, France, WWI, 1917 By John P. Ruehl A nominal ceasefire reached in April 2026 has done little to halt the escalation in the Persian Gulf. After Iran’s “attempted surprise attack” against US forces on July 28, the US retaliat

Once one of the world’s most militarized frontiers, the Russia-China border along the Amur River Basin shows how a long-running territorial dispute can evolve from confrontation to integration. No. 41 Boundary Marker at China–Russia Border -- Ncysea, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons By John P. Ruehl Since the early 1990s, the Russian city of Blagoveshchensk, located on the Amur River, has steadily reemerged as one of Russia’s most important “border trade hubs.” Sitting dir

Image from the victory celebrations April 30 cropped via X By Vijay Prashad Fifty years ago, on 30 April 1975, the revolutionary forces...

Rally initiated by the Independent and Peaceful Australia Network to oppose the AUKUS security pact, 2021 -- Matt Hrkac from Geelong /...

By the Privatisation in Education and Human Rights Consortium Over the past few decades, humanity has embarked on an unprecedented...

We are closer to nuclear disaster than ever before. By Charles Derber and Suren Moodliar The Cuban missile crisis of 1962 is etched into...