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How Stone Tools, Fire, and Language Paved the Highway to Artificial Intelligence
Each leap in human communication—from vocal anatomy to writing to digital networks—followed the same pattern: faster, more complex, less individual. By Deborah Barsky Many people are overwhelmed by the fast-paced evolution of mass communication in a world increasingly shaped by the internet and artificial intelligence (AI). Yet ideas have not always circulated across the globe at lightning speed. Looking into deep time allows us to view our current mode of existence from a br

The Left Chapter
4 hours ago6 min read


Reparations for Slavery: A Legitimate Struggle
Emancipation and Freedom Monument on Brown's Island, Richmond Virginia -- WomenArtistUpdates, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons By Guillermo Barreto When one person hurts another, common sense dictates that the person should apologize and, preferably, make amends for the harm they may have caused. Apologize, make amends, and ensure it won’t happen again. These seem like basic rules of coexistence. Coexistence among people, but also among sectors of a society and among entir

The Left Chapter
Apr 225 min read


A Scholar’s Quest to Find the Ancestral People of the Most Influential Language on Earth
Who and where were the Proto-Indo-Europeans? Almost 450 languages spoken by 4 billion people descend from their tongue—and J.P. Mallory...

The Left Chapter
Oct 7, 20257 min read


Exploring the High Rates of Social Violence in the Americas
For decades, the Americas have been the most violent part of the world outside active war zones. Many factors contribute to this, but...

The Left Chapter
Oct 4, 20257 min read


Trump and His Impossible Return to the Past
Donald Trump announces tariffs on auto imports in the Oval Office, Wednesday, March 26, 2025 -- public domain image By Atilio A. Borón...

The Left Chapter
Apr 1, 20258 min read


Time for Truthful Narratives on Immigration
The “migrant crisis” was manufactured and is the fault of both Trump and Biden. We need to understand that the U.S. needs immigrants more...
Michael Laxer
Dec 6, 20246 min read


Forests Thrive When Indigenous People Have Legal Stewardship of Their Land
The fate of intact forests is closely linked to that of Indigenous peoples. Praying in the Beginning of Hudoq Kawit Ritual in Dayak Bahau...
Michael Laxer
Sep 17, 20246 min read
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