Image via the PCC By Katherin Hormigó Rubio, translated from the Spanish On April 10, 1961, merely a week prior to the mercenary invasion at Playa Girón (the Bay of Pigs), three educational institutions began operating in modest neighborhoods of Havana: Camilo Cienfuegos, Ciro Frías, and Fulgencio Oroz. These were more than just basic nurseries. They were Cuba’s first Children’s Circles, a hallmark of the Revolution that aimed to both free women from domestic confinement and

Vilma Espín Guillois and Fidel Castro during the formation of the Federation of Cuban Women, August 1960 Via Granma and the Communist Party of Cuba, translated from the Spanish On April 7, dozens of young women were presented with their membership cards for the Federation of Cuban Women (FMC). The presentation event took place in front of the monolith containing the ashes of Vilma Espín Guillois, located in the Mausoleum of the Second Frank Pais Eastern Front, as part of the