From the Civil War and World War I to the ongoing conflict in Iran, America’s and other nations’ expectations of war have repeatedly been challenged by the realities that emerge once fighting begins. U.S. Marines in their gas masks during a gas mask drill, France, WWI, 1917 By John P. Ruehl A nominal ceasefire reached in April 2026 has done little to halt the escalation in the Persian Gulf. After Iran’s “attempted surprise attack” against US forces on July 28, the US retaliat

Abdul Ghani al-Kikli prior to his killing -- image via screenshot on X By Vijay Prashad On 12 May 2025, Abdul Ghani al-Kikli, known to...

A screenshot from one of the panel discussions. By Shiran Illanperuma Panelists and attendees championed the cause of sovereignty,...